DIET , LIFESTYLE AND EXERCISE
DIET , LIFESTYLE AND EXERCISE
- How many calories you should be eating and drinking.
- Don’t gain weight
- Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate physical activity or 75 minutes of vigorous physical activity / week (AHA)
- a variety of fruits and vegetables,
- whole grains,
- low-fat dairy products,
- skinless poultry and fish
- nuts and legumes
- non-tropical vegetable oils
- Eat a variety of fresh vegetables and fruits
- Choose fiber-rich whole grains for most grain servings.
- Eat a variety of fish at least twice a week, especially fish containing omega-3 fatty acids (for example, salmon, trout and herring).
- Choose foods with less sodium and prepare foods with little or no salt.
- Follow the American Heart Association recommendations when you eat out, and keep an eye on your portion sizes.
2011 Update: A Guideline From the American Heart Association and American College of Cardiology Foundation
- Smoking cessation
The goal is complete cessation and no exposure to environmental tobacco smoke. - Blood pressure control
The goal is BP < 140/90 mm Hg or < 130/80 mm Hg if the patient has diabetes or chronic kidney disease. - Diet
Diets that include nonhydrogenated unsaturated fats as the predominant form of dietary fat, whole grains as the primary form of carbohydrate, fruits and vegetables, omega-3 fatty acids (from fish, fish oil supplements, or plant sources) offer significant protection against coronary heart disease. - Lipid management
The goal is LDL cholesterol < 100 mg/dL; if triglyceride levels are ≥200 mg/dL, non-HDL cholesterol should be < 130 mg/dL.
If triglyceride levels are 500 mg/dL, therapeutic options to prevent pancreatitis are fibrate or niacin before LDL-lowering therapy, and treat LDL cholesterol level to goal after triglyceride-lowering therapy. - Physical activity
The goal of physical activity is 30 minutes, 7 days per week (minimum 5 d/w). The US guidelines for physical activity suggest low, moderate, and high activity levels. - Weight management
The goal of weight management is body mass index of 18.5-24.9 kg/m2 and waist circumference of < 40 inches in men and < 35 inches in women. - Diabetes management
The goal of diabetes management is to maintain glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) concentration of < 7%. - Antiplatelet agents and anticoagulants
Start aspirin 75-162 mg/d, and continue indefinitely in all patients unless contraindicated. - Renin, angiotensin, and aldosterone system blockers
- Beta-blockers
Start and continue indefinitely in all patients who have had MI, ACS, or LV dysfunction with or without heart failure symptoms, unless contraindicated - Influenza vaccination
Patients with cardiovascular disease should have an influenza vaccination
EXPERTISE
- Cardiovascular Surgeries
- Emergency Cardio-Thoracic and Vascular Surgeries
- Congenital Cardiac Surgeries
- Minimally Invasive Aortic Surgery (EVAR, TEVAR)
- Minimally Invasive Thoracic Surgeries
- Thoracic Surgeries
Dr. Azam Jan
Cardiothoracic and General Surgeon